Panchang is the name for Hindu calander. Panchang is a Sanskrit word made of two parts: pancha and anga.
Pancha means five and anga means a part.
The panchang is, therefore, almanac made of five parts: The lunar day called Tithi, Day of the week
called Vara, Lunar mansion or nakshtra, Luni-solar day known as yoga and Half
lunar day called Karana.
Panchang especially records
the movements of the sun and the moon. Traditionally no religious festival,
family event, or even a civic affair is performed without first consulting a
panchang to know the favorable movements of these celestial bodies.
Lunar Day (Tithi):
Tithi is the name given to various angles formed by Sun and Moon. A
Tithi is an exact lunar day, which is approximately the one-thirtieth of the
time it takes the moon to orbit the earth(Lunar Month). The lunar month is
divided into two fortnights known as Pakshas. The Shukla Paksha and The Krishna
Paksha
There are 15 Tithis in the waxing cycle of the moon (Shukla Paksha)
the bright half of the Moon, from the New Moon to the full Moon, and there are
15 Tithis in the waning cycle of the Moon ( Krishna Paksha) the dark half of
the Moon, from the Full Moon to the New Moon.
The Tithi is based on a relationship between the Sun and the Moon.
When Sun amd Moon are together at the same degree it is called Amavasya or New
Moon.The first Tithi Pratipada is formed when moon moves away by 12 degrees
from the Sun after the new Moon (Amavasya) or full Moon (Purnima). The second
Tithi is the next 12 degrees of the Moon away from the Sun, 12 to 24 degrees
and so on.
A particular day is ruled by the Tithi at sunrise, but the Tithi can
change anytime of the day or night as it is not based on the solar day.
Tithis vary in duration from approximately 19 to 26 hours, according
to the movement of the Moon. Each Tithi has a name, a ruling planet, and can be
used in muhurta (picking a proper time).
From
astrological perspective the various Tithis are considered either auspicious or
inauspicious for different events depending upon many other factors and
combinations with Vara/Nakshtra. In general Tithis on the waxing or bright side
of the lunar month (shukla-paksha) are considered conducive to growth, increase
and prosperity and would be selected for such occasions as weddings, moving
into new homes or starting businesses. Most religious festivals are held at
these times and names of the festivals are even named after these Tithis. The
moon's waning or dark side (krishna-paksha) is considered favourable for
ancestor worship, and in general Hindu festivals are not held during this dark
side of the lunar month, but there are important exceptions.
PAKSHA RANDHRA TITHI:
CLASSIFICATIONS OF TITHIS:
PAKSHA RANDHRA TITHI:
The 4th, 6th, 8th, 9th, 12th and 14th Tithi of both Shukla and
Krishna Paksha are considered the Paksha Randhra or Chhidra Tithis or “partially infirm”.
Chhidra literally means a rent, hole or piercing and infers weakness
or infirmity as a result of the hole. Beginning actions under a Paksha Chhidra
Tithi indicates an unsure attitude and inherent weaknesses that are a source of
ill feelings and unhappiness.
These
tithis are not generally acceptable for the auspicious actuvities. But in
unavoidable circumstances the ghatis mentioned below could be rejected for the
auspicious activities
First 8
ghatis (3 hours 12 minutes) of Chaturthi.
First 9
ghatis(3 hours 36 minutes) of shashti.
First 14
ghatis (5 hours 36 minutes) of Ashtami.
First 25
ghatis (10 hours) of Navami.
First 10
ghatis (4 hours) of Dwadashi.
First 5
ghatis (2 hours) of Chaturdashi.
Converting the Tithi and Nadis to degrees of Sun/Moon separation,
the following are the wholly unfavorable portions of the Paksha Chidra Tithis:
Paksha
|
4th Tithi
|
6th Tithi
|
8th Tithi
|
9th Tithi
|
12th Tithi
|
14th Tithi
|
Shukla Paksha
|
36º– 37º36’
|
60º– 61º48’
|
84º– 86º48’
|
96º– 101º
|
132º– 134º
|
156º– 157º
|
Krishna Paksha
|
216º– 217º36’
|
240º– 241º48’
|
264º – 266º48’
|
276º– 281º
|
312º– 314º
|
336º– 337º
|
For example, the first 8 Nadis of the 4th Tithi is unfavorable. The
4th Tithi runs from the time the Moon is 36 degrees from the Sun until it is 48
degrees from the Sun.
8 Nadis of twelve degrees is 8/60 x 12 = 1º36’ Adding 1.6 to the
beginning of when the 4th Tithi runs, namely 36 degrees, gives 37º36’. Thus
when the Moon is 36 – 37º36’ degrees from the Sun, the unfavorable
portion of the 4th Tithi in the Shukla Paksha prevails.
Exception: The negative effects of Paksha Chhidra are removed if the
Moon is in the Lagna in Vargottama and Jupiter is in Simhasanamsa.
The Moon in Vargottama always gives strength to the Muhurta and,
since it is the cause of the Tithis, to the Tithis as well.
Parva
Tithis:
8th,14th Amavasya purnima and sankranti are called Parva Tithis and
should be avoided in Muhurta.
In Sanskrit Parva means a joint, break or knot; astrologically it
refers to the four changes of the Moon (when the Moon is conjunct the Sun and
when the Moon is 90, 180 and 270 degrees from the Sun) and to the four
intermediate changes (when the Moon is 45, 135, 225 and 315 degrees from the
Sun) that happen during the Parva Tithis. Additionally, the Tithi prevailing
during Sankranti is also a type of joint Tithi that should be avoided. Actions
taken during these Tithis encounter change and transitions that are not
conducive to the
productivity of the event. If it is a radical transition or change
that is desired, then Parva Tithis are quite favorable.
GalaGraha
Tithis: Galagraha means “Seizing by the Throat”
4th,7th,8th,9th,13th and 14th Tithi in the Krishna Paksha(Dark
Fortnight) Purnima and 1st of the Shukla Paksha are called Galagraha Tithis and
should be avoided.
Galagraha refers to “begun but immediately
interrupted studies,” and is therefore particularly unfavorable for education.
CLASSIFICATIONS OF TITHIS:
The Tithis are grouped into five groups: Nanda (happiness); Bhadra
(fortunate); Jaya (triumph); Rikta (empty); and Purna (full).
Tithi group
|
Lord
|
Lunar Day
|
Result
|
Nanda Tithis
(happiness)
|
venus
|
The 1st, 6th and 11th Tithis
|
Favorable for events designed towards gaining happiness, such as
parties, releasing movies, entertainment, etc.
|
Bhadra Tithis
(fortunate)
|
Mercury
|
the 2nd, 7th and 12th Tithis
|
Favorable for events designed to bring favor, success and wealth, such as beginning a
job,
starting a business, meeting an important person, etc.
|
Jaya Tithis
(triumph)
|
Mars
|
the 3rd, 8th and 13th Tithis
|
Favorable for events designed to overcome obstacles or for thoseaimed at some high point of success, such as competitions,examinations, litigations or record-breaking efforts.
|
Rikta Tithis
(empty)
|
Saturn
|
4th, 9th and 14th Tithis
|
Favorable for undesirable activities and any events that the
performerwould want to feel the relief of being rid of something such aspurging, surgery, destroying an enemy, waste disposal, paying
debts,etc
|
Purna Tithis
(full)
|
Jupiter
|
5th, 10th and 15th Tithis
|
Favorable for anything designed to create a full
measure or abundance, such as education, harvesting crops, minting money, etc.
|
The Nanda, Bhadra, Jaya, Rikta and Purna Tithis appear three times
in each Paksha.
In the Shukla Paksha, the first set of Tithis is not very favorable
as Moon is Balaheen and cosidered
malefic, the second set is middling as Moon attains paksha bala and is
significantly benefic, and the last set is most favorable as Moon is powerful .
In the Krishna Paksha, the first set of Tithis is most favorable as
the Moon remains very beneficial, the second set is middling as Moon is again
not significantly benefic or malefic, and the last set is the most unfavorable
as the Moon is again significantly malefic.
Avoid If the lord of the Tithi is poorly disposed, even if the Tithi
itself is favorable and
unblemished.
If the lord of the Tithi is well-disposed, no terribly ill reasons
will come to distract from the performer’s productive attitude and happiness.
I suppose 4th tithi (Krishna paksh)
ReplyDelete& 7,8,9,13,14,15/30 /1 to be avoided for upnayana and educational purpose .